Klystron and magnetron pdf files

Magnetron mi 29g 29 of the old russian radar bar lock the magnetron is a highpowered vacuum tube, that works as selfexcited microwave oscillator. These british physicists employed a resonant cavity structure in a magnetron for the first time. The name magnetron is a conjunction of the words magnet electron and identifies one of the major components, a very powerful magnet. In order to reduce the energy jitter pulsetopulse, a stabilization of the klystron modulator output is essential. Rimmer thomas jefferson lab, newport news, va 23606, usa abstract as a dropin replacement for the cebaf cw klystron system, a 1497 mhz, cw type high efficiency magnetron. This application note is part of a series about noise measure ment. The microwave radiation of microwave ovens and some radar applications is produced by a device called a magnetron the magnetron is called a crossedfield device in the industry because both magnetic and electric fields are employed in its operation, and they are produced in perpendicular directions so that they cross. Varian high energy linear accelerators comparison chart. Pdf volume 2 of the book begins with chapter 6, in which we have taken up conventional mwts such as twts, klystrons, including. Principles for design of high power pulsed microwave. The klystron with internal or external feedback built in its design can. Since all intermediate cavities in a multicavity klystron operate in the same manner, a. Randall invented the cavity magnetron at birmingham university.

The cavity magnetron is a highpowered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field while moving past a series of open metal cavities cavity resonators. Low maintenance high reliability easily modified for custom application long life excellent coherency. Klystron transmitters, transmitters beverly microwave. A klystron is basically a vacuum tube with input and output structures replaced with resonant cavities known as buncher cavity and catcher cavity. Sample chapter intro page and chapter medical physics. The electrons two cavity klystron amplifier passing through the second cavity, few of them are accelerated while bunches of electrons are decelerated. Data shown here may not be accurate and is based on equipment seen in the secondary market.

Magnetron frequency twinning article pdf available in ieee transactions on plasma science 283. Sketch output power and frequency of klystron versus repeller voltage for reflex klystron. A gridded electron gun for a sheet beam klystron unt. On the klystron power supply, vswr meter and cooling fan. The 2016 report on manufacturing electron tubes and parts. They are velocitymodulated tubes that are used in radars as amplifiers or oscillators. As shown in the given diagram it is composed of heater, cathode, focusing electrodes and repeller anode. General data min max frequency range 2852 2861 mhz peak output powernominal 5. A reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cavity with a pair of grids and a repeller plate as shown in the above diagram. Development of high power vacuum tubes for accelerators. Klystron multi cavity klystron, reflex klystron, working.

The reflex version of the klystron, perfected at sperry and in british laboratories, served as the local oscillator in superheterodyne radar receivers. Pulsed products cband, klystrons microwave power products. It covers basics of klystron and magnetron and mention difference between them. Klystron vs magnetrondifference between klystron,magnetron. The applied magnetic field is constant and applied along. A twocavity klystron amplifier has the following parameters.

Simulation study using an injection phaselocked magnetron. Waveguide cavities prf water of constant temperature. Five stars indicate that the resale demand for like systems is high, and used equipment will therefore command a higher price. Slacpub16466 increasing klystron efficiency using com. Lowpower klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay. This paper describes the development of an electron gun for a sheet beam klystron. The 5045 klystron design has remained largely unchanged over the last couple decades. Our amplifiers feature excellent phase stability, pulse fidelity and low spurious signal levels. Together, the magnetron and the klystron made possible airborne sband radar, a major factor in securing air superiority for the raf. The second major component is a cylindrical copper block, drilled and channeled.

To read and print pdf files, download adobe acrobat. Yes, they had a bellows that was externally adjusted to cause the separation between grids that coupled to a resonant chamber as reflex. Cavity of a repeller klystron another tube based on velocity modulation, and used to generate microwave energy, is the reflex klystron repeller klystron. Reflex klystron oscillator pdf source of an electronbeam and the radiofrequency por tion of the klystron is independent of the electron source. Additional cavities serve to velocitymodulate the electron beam and produce an increase in the energy available at the output. Solid state modulator forced air cooled complete cabinet local and ethernet remote control and monitoring touch screen localremote control. A microwave source of surprising range and endurance pdf. Keep, the ammod amplitude knob and amfre knob at the mid position. All these components are enclosed in a glass envelope. In this klystron, a single pair of grids does the functions of both the buncher and the catcher grids. Change the meter switch of klystron power supply to beam voltage position,and rotate the beam voltage knob clockwise up to 300 v deflections in meter. It was a huge success, generating kilowatts of microwave power at 10 cm far more than klystrons could then achieve.

Derive an expression for the efficiency of the klystron amplifier. Klystron tube article about klystron tube by the free. Modification of microwave oven magnetron showing 1 magnetron stripped of cooling fins and ceramic magnets 2buckboost coil,3coldrolled steel shell,and 4 samarium cobalt magnets insideends of each portion of shell. Initially intended for accelerator applications, the gun can operate at a higher perveance than one with a cylindrically symmetric beam. The company founders and key engineering personnel have extensive experience in power supply design for all types. Weather radar, magnetrons beverly microwave division. Although the design is robust, the bac principles discussed above have been applied to achieve an even more efficient design. Difference between two cavity and reflex klystron two cavity klystron reflex klystron can act as both amplifier and oscillator. After the focusing electrodes there is a cavity resonator which encircles the glass envelope.

Electrons pass by the openings to these cavities and cause microwaves to oscillate within, similar to the way a whistle produces a tone when excited by an air stream blown past its. The invention of magnetron made microwave radar system possible during the 2nd world war. Satellite power system sps magnetron tube assessment. In what follows, i summarize the economic potential for the worlds major cities for manufacturing electron tubes and parts, cathode ray tubes, picture tubes, klystron tubes, magnetron tubes, and traveling wave tubes excluding glass blanks for the year 2016. Low power klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay.

The new design improves the klystron efficiency from 45% to 55% by adding 4 cavities to the drift section figure 4. Closeup view of magnetron with buckboost coil fitted to waveguide in phase and amplitude tracking test bed. The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several hundred volts and enter a narrow gap that forms part of a cavity resonator system see figure, where they are acted upon by a radiofrequency field, which causes a bunchingup effect. Klystron amplification, power output, and efficiency can be greatly improved by the addition of intermediate cavities between the input and output cavities of the basic klystron. Fast tuned magnetron 1 ve2116 is mainly used for midpower linear accelerators. A loop coupling is used inside the cavity to get the output. Klystron, including the reflex and multicavity klystron multistage depressed collector msdc klystron inductive output tube iot traveling wave tube twt crossedfield tube coaxial magnetron gyrotron planar triode highfrequency tetrode diacrode this wide variety of microwave devices has been developed. By late 1940, when the germans switched to night bombing, the british had succeeded in equipping their night fighters with this new radar, and it was as part of british airborne radar that the klystron helped win the battle of britain. To read and print pdf files, download adobe acrobat reader.

Microwave circuits are composed of distributed elements with dimensions such. Crossed electron and magnetic fields are used in the magnetron to produce the highpower output required in radar equipment. Barkhausenkurz oscillations, first transittime microwave tube. Recommendations for cooling highpower microwave devices. Other articles where twocavity klystron is discussed.

Magnetron high power system design article pdf available in international journal of simulation. Klystron, thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons. Klystron for high gradient accelerator research, in aip conf. The magnetron is the first high power microwave oscillator to be developed. Klystron socket pulse sensors hard wired interlock system options pulserf diagnostics enhanced prf range up to hz enhanced stability down to 0. Similar devices are manufactured by vendors other than the linear accelerator manufacturer. Frequencies from 1 ghz to 35 ghz power levels from 100 w to 35 mw. The main difference between two cavity reflex klystron amplifier. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by american electrical engineers russell and sigurd varian, which is used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies, from uhf up into the microwave range. Mg6370 pulse magnetron perfectly for the medical application.

This paper describes a new deq circuit with feedforward compensation to stabilize the output pulse amplitude of the existing modulator for the pulse klystron. Cw products lband, klystrons microwave power products. Klystron rf stabilization using feedforward circuit. I was an aetm3c in the navy and also remember those local oscillators. Crossedfield and linearbeam tubes klystrons and travelingwave tubes are examples of linearbeam tubes these have a focused electron beam as in a crt magnetron is one of a number of crossedfield tubes magnetic and electric fields are at right angles 4. Klystron an ultrahighfrequency electronic vacuum device in which a steady stream. Development of an xband 50 mw multiple beam klystron. The klystron receiver, which was lighter than the magnetron receiver, made airborne radar possible. Question bank department of electronics and communication. High pulsed power magnetrons and klystrons for medical and industrial accelerators, and high cw power klystrons and gyrotrons for plasma heating in tokamak. The center opening is called the interaction chamber. Klystron article about klystron by the free dictionary.