Gum periodontal disease causes, symptoms, diagnosis. In advanced stages, periodontal disease can lead to sore, bleeding gums. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases this paper was prepared by the research, science and therapy committee of the american academy of periodontology and is intended for the information of the dental profession. The higher the educational level, the lower the periodontal diseases department of health education and welfare, 1966.
Gum periodontal disease causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment national institute of dental and craniofacial research. Its typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaquea sticky film. Specific etiologic agents of these diseases have been sought for over 100 years. Introduction gingival diseases are a group of different diseas e entities that are localized to the gingiva. Causal theory and the etiology of periodontal diseases. Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of periodontal diseases. Recent advances in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease and polymicrobial synergy in the dysbiotic oral microbial community endorsed novel therapeutic targets and. The bacterial spectrum changes from grampositive, nonmobile, anaerobic cocci to. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care 7 management of patients with dental implants 51 7. Etiological factors in periodontal disease are classified into two broad categories, depending on their specific origin. Some scientists contended that periodontitis was the result of trauma from occlusion that produced excessive forces on. Classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Advances in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis have led to the development of a number of targeted systems for administration of drug into the periodontal pocket.
Many adults, however, develop some type of periodontal, or gum, diseasean infection of the tissues that support their teeth. By the mid1960s, the concept took hold that the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is caused by the supra and subgingival dental plaque which is. Etiology and microbiology of periodontal diseases academic. Etiology of periodontal diseases linkedin slideshare. If you are diabetic you are more prone to gum disease, and your gum disease is often more severe. Periodontal disease is the most common clinical dental abnormality occurring in adult dogs and cats.
Pathogenesis deals with the mode of origin or development of disease. Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. Etiology of periodontal disease the clinical manifestations of periodontal disease result form a complex interplay between bacteria found in dental plaque and the host tissues. The principal cause of periodontal disease are bacterial tooth deposits dental plaque which accumulate as a result of inadequate oral hygiene and evoke an. The periodontal disease is conformed by a group of illnesses affecting the.
Some of the factors in the adult animal that play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases are discussed in this article, including overcrowding, malocclusions, diet, developmental defects, and metabolic and systemic disease. In the more serious form of periodontal disease called. Periodontal pathology, also termed gum diseases or periodontal diseases, are diseases involving the periodontium the tooth supporting structures, i. Connections between the diseases in the periodontium and general health are described in detail. Pdf on jul 21, 2018, muna s elburki and others published the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease find, read and cite all the. It represents the position of the academy in regard to the current state of knowledge about the epidemiology of periodontal diseases.
In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or. Pdf the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontal screening and recording psr, a screening procedure endorsed by the american dental association and the american academy of periodontology, may be utilized. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. Its typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaquea sticky film of bacteriato build up on the teeth and harden. If the periodontal pockets are deep and the supporting bone is lost, surgery may be necessary to help prevent tooth loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease bioaccent. When gums are healthy, they continue to fit snugly around the teeth. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease those results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. May 20, 2014 periodontal disease has a reciprocal relationship with educational level. The oral health status will also be evaluated and treatment rendered based on the diagnosis.
Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the occurrence of a disease. Pdf bacterial etiology and risk factors of periodontal. Etiology of gingivitis antonio basconesmartinez, elena criadocamara, cristina basconesilundain, santiago arias herrera and jaime basconesilundain the faculty of dentistry, complutense university, madrid spain 1. We have no conflict of interest related to this work. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may bleed. Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the periodontium and that bacteria are the primary etiology agents in periodontal disease. The last 10 to 15 years have seen the emergence of several important new findings and concepts regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red due to inflammation, which is the bodys natural response to the presence of harmful bacteria. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases request pdf. Changing views of dental plaque over the past 50 years, the understanding and characterization of dental plaque have undergone significant evolution.
Periodontal disease an overview sciencedirect topics. If you have been told you have periodontal gum disease, youre not alone. You may be referred to a periodontist, a dentist who specializes in the treatment of diseases that affect the supporting structures of the teeththe gum and bone tissuefor treatment. Periodontal gum disease is an infection of the tissues that hold teeth in place. In this paper, currently accepted concepts of the origin and progression of gingivitis and.
Periodontal disease is the numberone cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf author. Periodontal gum disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases scielo. Causal theory and causal models have proven to be helpful in understanding the multi. The risk factors for periodontal disease are shown on table 1.
The design and application of causal models is essential to the appropriate design, conduct and analysis of studies on periodontal disease causation. Appropriate screening procedures may be performed to determine the need for a comprehensive periodontal evaluation. There is paucity of information on microbial etiology of periodontal diseases in enugu. The two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaque induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.
The role of local factors in the etiology of periodontal. The study focused on the isolation and identification. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases wiley online library. Diagnosis is the recognition of the presence of a disease. As periodontitis progresses, your bones and teeth can be. Dumitrescu etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. Etiology of periodontal diseases my dental hygiene education. Early concepts of periodontal disease were derived primarily from histopathological observations. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care. We have come to understand that while the etiology of periodontitis is bacteria. This form of gum disease does not include any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place.
Early periodontal disease in the early stages of periodontitis, your gums recede, or pull away, from your teeth and small pockets form between. The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease. The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum and gingiva. But even if you are diabetic, gum disease is still preventable with the above guidance.
None of the periodontal diseases can be transmitted between individuals or between diseased and healthy sites of a susceptible person. Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament, which could lead to tooth. Periodontal gum disease national institute of dental. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of.
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that affects the soft and hard structures that support the teeth. Preventing periodontal disease b y the time people reach adulthood, their teeth and gingivae, or gums, have had quite a workout. Request pdf etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases the two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf. These deposits can be readily visualised with vegetable or synthetic dyes in disclosing solutions, and can become calci. Learn more about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Emphasis will be placed on the reduction of the plaque and. Prominent pathologists interpreted the histopathology in various ways and produced somewhat divergent theories on the nature and causes of periodontitis see loe in this volume. The two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Periodontal disease is plaque induced inflammation of surrounding tooth structures. Feb 14, 2020 periodontitis is a severe gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health complications. Epi upon demos people ology science epidemiology the science which deals with what falls upon people 2. Periodontal diseases are conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth. Gingivitis is a reversible dental plaque induced inflammation of the.
T he interpretation of diagnostic tests for the detection of subgingival bacterial species is dependent on knowledge of the microbial etiology of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease can also affect your sugar levels and therefore affect how. Periodontitis pereodontietis, also called gum disease, is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth. On october 30november 2, 1999, the american acade my of periodontology assembled an international workshop for a classification of periodontal diseases and conditions, which resulted in a new classification. Its caused by bacteria that have been allowed to accumulate on your teeth and gums. Position paper epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Infection and periodontal diseases clinical infectious.
Nov 19, 2014 etiology of periodontal disease primary etiology initiating factors secondary etiology predisposing factors microbial effect host response local predisposing factor systemic predisposing factors 111111991144 oossssaammaa eellsshhaallll 1144 15. May 22, 2017 periodontitis is a serious infection of the gums. The term periodontal disease refers to gingivitis and periodontitis as well. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Several studies involving different racial populations have found some difference in the expression of periodontal disease.
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